Not required per +++. Trump is the 17th President to be sworn in without a bible.
President's Sworn In Without A Bible:
1: Thomas Jefferson (1801): He did not use a Bible, likely out of commitment to the separation of church and state.
2: John Quincy Adams (1825): He swore on a book of laws, symbolizing his commitment to the Constitution and the rule of law rather than a religious text.
3: Theodore Roosevelt (1901): He was sworn in without a Bible after the assassination of President William McKinley while on vacation; the ceremony was rushed, and no Bible was available.
4: Calvin Coolidge (1923): When Coolidge was sworn in following the death of President Warren G. Harding, his father administered the oath without a Bible, adhering to Puritan ethics which frowned upon using objects as symbols of reverence.
Not required per +++. Trump is the 17th President to be sworn in without a bible. President's Sworn In Without A Bible:
1: Thomas Jefferson (1801): He did not use a Bible, likely out of commitment to the separation of church and state.
2: John Quincy Adams (1825): He swore on a book of laws, symbolizing his commitment to the Constitution and the rule of law rather than a religious text.
3: Theodore Roosevelt (1901): He was sworn in without a Bible after the assassination of President William McKinley while on vacation; the ceremony was rushed, and no Bible was available.
4: Calvin Coolidge (1923): When Coolidge was sworn in following the death of President Warren G. Harding, his father administered the oath without a Bible, adhering to Puritan ethics which frowned upon using objects as symbols of reverence.
17: Donald John Trump (2025):
Reason: TBD