As for topology, this is a bit hard to explain. In brief, reality has a very specific type of topology. As events unfold, there is a limited number of "paths" that history can follow. It's kind of like Ricci Flow.

Start with Kurt Gödel. Btw, he was a very strong Christian. The basic idea is that as computers become "smarter", they begin to be plagued by all of the errors that are characteristic of human cognition. A formal system can be either sufficiently complete or sufficiently accurate.