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Biologyfag here. Not an immunologist, but I play one on TV. Putting together a couple of bits of data here…
p. 1:
- Internal Pfizer vaccine study from Japan, available on government regulator's website (attached for posterity, but for your safety and peace of mind you can get it from them):
https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2021/P20210212001/672212000_30300AMX00231_I100_1.pdf
- Reuters "Fact Check":
“We can confirm the document does not make any reference to spike proteins from the vaccine resulting in dangerous toxins that linger in the body – this claim is incorrect”, the spokesperson said.
- https://byrambridle.com "fact check" website (NOT Dr. Bridle's website.)
"There is no spike protein in the mRNA vaccines:"
All true. There is (purportedly) no spike protein in the vaccine itself. But what does the mRNA in the vaccine do?
- (image attached) 48-hour mRNA lipid nanoparticle concentration in Wistar rats, from 1), table 2.6.5.5B.:
The mRNA is packaged in lipid (fat) nano- (extremely small) particles in the jab. The Pfizer document contains measurements of the concentration of these lipid nanoparticles in different organs and tissues in Wistar rats over time, from 15 minutes to 48 hours after injection. In other words, they jabbed a bunch of literal lab rats, "sacrificed" that means killed 1 out of 7 of them after 15 minutes, and the same number after 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 1 day, and 2 days. Then they dissected them, likely pureed the pieces, and used some sort of radiation sensor to measure the concentrations of tritium (radioactive hydrogen) put into the nanoparticles beforehand.
The concentration of particles still found at the injection site after 48 hours was 165 micrograms (µg) per milliliter (mL). An equivalent measure would be milligrams per Liter. To give an idea of the ratio, a Liter is a bit more than a quart, and 1000 grams (a kilogram) is about 2.2 pounds. A (very) loose translation of the ratio of 165 mg/L is 165 parts per million. 165 parts per million doesn't sound like a lot, but remember, this is for whole tissue. 1 million / 165 is one part in 6060, for everything in the tissue, extracellular stuff, cell membrane, intracellular stuff, and a bunch of water. It's a lot.
What happens to the lipid nanoparticles over time after injection? From 15 minutes to two hours, they become detectable in their highest concentrations over time at the injection site (394 mg/L after 1 hour), and in Whole blood (w/red and white blood cells, 5.40 mg/L) and Plasma (just the liquid part, 8.90 mg/L) after 2 hours, where the plasma makes up a bit more than half of the blood volume. They also reach significant concentrations after two hours in the Liver, Spleen, and Kidneys, which are likely attempting to filter/degrade/detoxify/remove them. While 8.90 in the blood after 2 hours seems a lot smaller than 394 at the injection site after 1 hour (311 mg/L after 2 hours), remember that the volume of the injection site is much smaller than the volume of the blood in the rat. Without looking up the average blood volume of mature male/female Wistar rats, it is safe to say that a very large fraction of the injected nanoparticles do not stay at the injection site.
Over the next 48 hours, the concentration at the injection site goes down by about half, the concentration in the blood goes down, and the concentrations in the Liver and Spleen continue to go up. This means that nanoparticles from the injection site continue to leave the injection site, carried away predominantly in the blood plasma, whence they are free to enter cells in other tissues. The fact that the blood concentration continues to go down even as lipid nanoparticles are being released from the injection site further underlines the difference in volume between the injection site and blood. Aside from the injection site, the highest organ concentrations after 48 hours are in the Liver and Spleen.
p. 2
Here's where it gets interesting (as if the above weren't utterly fascinating to begin with.) The next highest concentration over time is in the Ovaries (in the females, of course.) The concentration continues to go up continuously over the 48 hour span. Why? Unknown, although there are two main possibilities. First, it is possible that cells in the ovary express some surface molecule that happens to have an affinity for the particular lipid molecule that makes up the volume of the mRNA-containing nanoparticles. Second, it is theoretically possible that the lipid nanoparticles have been tagged with surface molecules that (intentionally or unintentionally) happen to have an affinity for surface molecules on cells in the ovary. Either possibility seems bad.
- Adaptive immunity, B cells and T cells:
And so, we come to the type of tissue that is point of this flapper-worthy raft of text. The next highest 48-hour concentration is in the Bone Marrow. This is where new blood cells are made. The concentration is 3.77 mg/L or (very loosely) about 3.7 parts per million, a ratio of about 1 part in 265,000. Again, this may not seem like a lot, but only one lipid nanoparticle needs to get into a cell to deliver its payload. There are all kinds of cells in the bone marrow, stem-like cells, and other more mature cells that those divide into. In particular, this is where new B and T cells are made. These largely constitute what is known as the "adaptive" immune system.
B and T cells are special because they have molecules on their surface that are different for each one, billions of cells over. It is all these different "sticky ends", called receptors, on them that make B and T cells stick to molecules the body has never "seen" before, like those from bacterial, viral or toxin invaders. And yet the human genome does not have a separate "gene" for each of these billions of possibilities. The diversity of the adaptive immune cells is made possible by a process called V(D)J recombination. The V, D, and J represent the genomic forms of the sticky ends of the B and T cell surface molecules. This part of the genomic DNA that makes up the genes involved is in every cell in the body, but is only "turned on" in B and T cells that are recombining them to make their unique sticky ends. Pretty cool, actually.
Mature B cells go off into the blood to look for Bad Things (called antigens) floating around. If they find something that they stick to well enough, they begin dividing (and dividing, and dividing), making 2, 4, 8, 16, 32…1024768 copies, all of which have the same sticky-ended molecules, just like the cell that originally stuck to the Bad Thing. At some point, these B cells begin to manufacture bits of protein that also look like their sticky surface molecules, but are released from the cell into the bloodstream. These are called antibodies. Antibodies stick to the same thing the original, unique B cell stuck to. With trillions of identical copies of them floating around, however, they will stick to everything identical to what the original cell stuck to. Other types of killer cells can "see" something that has a bunch of antibodies stuck to it, and will come along and grab them to absorb, neutralize, and remove the offending invader. Finally, after a matter of days, this new population of B cells will decline, but some stay around long-term to become "memory" B cells, available to deal with the same threat in the future, in numbers still way larger than the lone B cell that originally sounded the alarm. The ramp-up in B cells takes hours/days, and this is why it takes time to get over an infection, and the memory cells keep you from getting sick from the same infection twice.
p.3
T cells are very similar, but they're not looking for things outside of our cells they're looking for clues to things inside of our cells that aren't supposed to be there. How can they do this from the outside? The answer lies in molecules that are expressed on the surface of every cell in the body, the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules grab onto tiny bits of proteins inside the cell that have outlived their usefulness and have been broken down into small pieces called "epitopes". The MHC molecules with epitope attached then find their way to the surface of the cell, where T cells can "see" them. The magic of how no B or T cells are made/kept that stick to "self" is way too much to deal with here, but a breakdown in this process, where they incorrectly attack the body's own tissues, is called an autoimmune disease. Suffice it to say, however, that when a T cell comes along and sticks to an epitope/MHC on the outside of one of our cells, it's because the epitope came from something on the inside (like a virus) that shouldn't be there. (This is also why organ donors and recipients are tissue typed by their MHCs a mismatch in these will cause every cell from the donor to look like a foreign invader.)
Continued in comments, up-Q for continuity?
CONTINUED
Okay. We've now gotten enough about adaptive immunity to explain the following paper released on Oct 13, 2021.
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/10/2056
This paper looks at the intracellular distribution of the various bits that make up the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In general, a virus has a bit of DNA or RNA inside it that encodes the proteins that make up the shell (capsid) and surface (spike) proteins for the virus, but no machinery to take that code and translate it into those proteins itself. For that, it has to get the DNA or RNA (RNA in the case of Covid-19, and Coronaviruses in general) inside the cell, where it can highjack the cell's own machinery to make thousands of copies of itself, the capsid, and spike proteins, usually destroying the cell in the process. This paper looks at what happens when cells make the different types of bits for the Covid viral capsid and spike protein(s), and where those bits end up in the cell. Of all the different bits, one of these localizes predominantly in the cell nucleus – the Covid spike protein.
The paper then looks at what the spike protein does when it gets to the nucleus. The nucleus is the “library” for the cell, where all the human genomic DNA resides, and molecular “librarians” control the dispatch of copies of protein-coding genes out into the cell as messenger RNA (mRNA), to be translated into proteins that do all kinds of things. The spike protein, as it turns out, is the unwelcome library patron that interferes with the librarians in the performance of their duties. Specifically, it interferes with two “DNA repair” processes known as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair and homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair.
p. 4
In V(D)J recombination, the process inside immature B and T cells that creates the unique sticky ends for the outside of that cell for it to become a mature B or T cell, the V, D, and J parts of the gene for the sticky part are taken apart, modified, and put back together. This process has some randomness to it, which is where the billions of different resulting combinations arise for each unique B or T cell receptor. If “taking bits of genes apart, modifying them, and putting them back together, with randomness involved” sounds complex and scary, well, it is. If it doesn’t quite work out, the cell generally doesn’t make it. NHEJ DNA repair is necessary for the “putting them back together” part. If NHEJ is kept from happening in a maturing B or T cell, that’s a problem. If it happens in a lot of maturing B and T cells, it’s a recipe for disaster.
Let’s follow the mRNA in the injections: It is contained in lipid nanoparticles, which are generally injected into the deltoid muscle of the upper arm. Those lipid nanoparticles do not overwhelmingly stay there, but enter the bloodstream. A nontrivial concentration of them ends up in the Bone Marrow. The mRNA in the lipid nanoparticles finds its way into developing blood cells in the bone marrow, some of which are immature B and T cells.
In all types of cells, the mRNA from the injection is translated into Covid-19 spike proteins, some of which are supposed to then get back to the bloodstream, where naïve (mature, but have never seen their antigen soulmate and started dividing to churn out progeny) B cells can say “whoa there, fella”, and make antibodies for the spike protein, which ostensibly confers some humoral (plasma antibody) immunity to the virus. Other spike proteins, however, find their way to the cell nucleus, since that’s where they seem to like to congregate.
Once in the nucleus, the spike proteins inhibit two DNA repair processes crucial to the continued integrity of every cell. For immature B and T cells in the process of undergoing V(D)J recombination, the spike protein keeps this from being successful by inhibition of one of the two processes. If this happens often enough, few new B or T cells make it to maturity, and out in the bloodstream where they can look for skullduggery. For all cells, genomic errors left unrepaired due to the failure of these repair process will eventually lead to serious issues within those cells and the cells that result from cell division.
A shortage of B and/or T cells is an immunodeficiency, one manifestation of which we know of as AIDS. Cells with cascading genomic errors leading to mis-regulated cell destruction and division fall into the category of what we know of as Cancer.
One thing that isn't clear in your description.. I think the LNPs that end up in the liver, etc after 48 hours are the "empty packages"... That is they probably already delivered the payload and then float around. They can only be metabolized in the liver so that's where they need to end up. But it's not clear if they do end up there or how long it takes. More than 48 hours apparently. To me this is a potential cancer risk of they don't go away.