if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity (AKA legal person) that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between the Natural Persons that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal person), and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning. In the case of the second example, it was considered a Corporation (legal entity acting as shield) even before the creation of the US Constitution (though it was under the strictures of the original Articles of Incorporation, i.e. US Govt was a different corporation (legal entity) at the time). US Govt Corporation is a legal shield that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the legal powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally (by law, and as law) in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find enough evidence to support that claim to prove to myself that it happened.

Having said that, there was a new municipal corporation created in 1871 (Washington D.C.), and the Trustees for that corporation just so happen to be the exact same Trustees as for US Govt Corporation, so laws made for one may find their way to fraudulently applying to the other.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity (AKA legal person) that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between the Natural Persons that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal person), and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning, in the case of the second example, it was considered a Corporation (legal entity acting as shield) even before the creation of the US Constitution (though it was under the strictures of the original Articles of Incorporation, i.e. US Govt was a different corporation (legal entity) at the time). US Govt Corporation is a legal shield that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the legal powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally (by law, and as law) in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find enough evidence to support that claim to prove to myself that it happened.

Having said that, there was a new municipal corporation created in 1871 (Washington D.C.), and the Trustees for that corporation just so happen to be the exact same Trustees as for US Govt Corporation, so laws made for one may find their way to fraudulently applying to the other.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity (AKA legal person) that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between the Natural Persons that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity), and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning, in the case of the second example, it was considered a Corporation (legal entity acting as shield) even before the creation of the US Constitution (though it was under the strictures of the original Articles of Incorporation, i.e. US Govt was a different corporation (legal entity) at the time). US Govt Corporation is a legal shield that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the legal powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally (by law, and as law) in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find enough evidence to support that claim to prove to myself that it happened.

Having said that, there was a new municipal corporation created in 1871 (Washington D.C.), and the Trustees for that corporation just so happen to be the exact same Trustees as for US Govt Corporation, so laws made for one may find their way to fraudulently applying to the other.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between the Natural Persons that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity), and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning, in the case of the second example, it was considered a Corporation (legal entity acting as shield) even before the creation of the US Constitution (though it was under the strictures of the original Articles of Incorporation, i.e. US Govt was a different corporation (legal entity) at the time). US Govt Corporation is a legal shield that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the legal powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally (by law, and as law) in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find enough evidence to support that claim to prove to myself that it happened.

Having said that, there was a new municipal corporation created in 1871 (Washington D.C.), and the Trustees for that corporation just so happen to be the exact same Trustees as for US Govt Corporation, so laws made for one may find their way to fraudulently applying to the other.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between the Natural Persons that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity), and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning, in the case of the second example, it was considered a Corporation (legal entity acting as shield) even before the US Constitution (though it was under the strictures of the original Articles of Incorporation, i.e. US Govt was a different corporation (legal entity) at the time). US Govt Corporation is a legal shield that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the legal powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally (by law, and as law) in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find enough evidence to support that claim to prove to myself that it happened.

Having said that, there was a new municipal corporation created in 1871 (Washington D.C.), and the Trustees for that corporation just so happen to be the exact same Trustees as for US Govt Corporation, so laws made for one may find their way to fraudulently applying to the other.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between the Natural Persons that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity), and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning, in the case of the second example, even before the Constitution (though it was under the strictures of the original Articles of Incorporation, i.e. US Govt was a different corporation (legal entity) at the time). US Govt Corporation is a legal shield that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the legal powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally (by law, and as law) in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find enough evidence to support that claim to prove to myself that it happened.

Having said that, there was a new municipal corporation created in 1871 (Washington D.C.), and the Trustees for that corporation just so happen to be the exact same Trustees as for US Govt Corporation, so laws made for one may find their way to fraudulently applying to the other.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between the Natural Persons that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity), and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning, in the case of the second example, even before the Constitution (though it was under the strictures of the original Articles of Incorporation, i.e. US Govt was a different corporation (legal entity) at the time). US Govt Corporation is a legal shield that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the legal powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally (by law, and as law) in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find enough evidence to support that claim to prove to myself that it happened.

Having said that, there was a new municipal corporation created in 1871 (Washington D.C.), and the Trustees for that corporation just so happen to be the exact same Trustees as for US Govt Corporation, so laws made for one may find their way to fraudulently applying to the other.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between the Natural Persons that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity), and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning, in the case of the second example, even before the Constitution (though it was under the strictures of the original Articles of Incorporation, i.e. US Govt was a different corporation (legal entity) at the time). US Govt Corporation is a legal shield that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the legal powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally (by law, and as law) in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find enough evidence to support that claim to prove to myself that it happened.

Having said that, there was a new municipal corporation created in 1871 (Washington D.C.), and the Trustees for that corporation just so happen to be the same Trustees for US Govt Corporation, so laws made for one may find their way to fraudulently applying to the other.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between the Natural Persons that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity), and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning, in the case of the second example, even before the Constitution (though it was under the strictures of the original Articles of Incorporation, i.e. US Govt was a different corporation (legal entity) at the time). US Govt Corporation is a legal shield that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the legal powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally (by law, and as law) in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find enough evidence to support that claim to prove to myself that it happened.

Having said that, there was a new municipal corporation created in 1871 (Washington D.C.), and the Trustees for that corporation just so happen to be the same Trustees for US Govt Corporation, so laws made for one may find their way to fraudulently applying to the other.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between the Natural Persons that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity), and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning, in the case of the second example, even before the Constitution (though it was under the strictures of the original Articles of Incorporation, i.e. US Govt was a different corporation (legal entity) at the time). US Govt Corporation is a legal shield that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the legal powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally (by law, and as law) in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find good evidence to support that claim.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between the Natural Persons that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity), and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning, in the case of the second example, even before the Constitution (though it was under the strictures of the original Articles of Incorporation, i.e. US Govt was a different corporation (legal entity) at the time). US Govt Corporation is a legal shield that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally (by law, and as law) in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find good evidence to support that claim.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between the Natural Persons that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity), and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning, in this case even before the Constitution (though it was under the strictures of the Articles of Incorporation, i.e. US Govt was a different corporation (legal entity) at the time). US Govt Corporation is a legal shield that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally (by law, and as law) in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find good evidence to support that claim.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between those that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity) and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning, in this case even before the Constitution (though it was under the strictures of the Articles of Incorporation, i.e. US Govt was a different corporation (legal entity) at the time). US Govt Corporation is a legal shield that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally (by law, and as law) in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find good evidence to support that claim.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between those that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity) and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning, in this case even before the Constitution (though it was under the strictures of the Articles of Incorporation, i.e. US Govt was a different corporation (legal entity) at the time). US Govt Corporation is a legal shield that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find good evidence to support that claim.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between those that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity) and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning, in this case even before the Constitution (though it was under the strictures of the Articles of Incorporation, i.e. US Govt was a different corporation (legal entity) at the time). It is a legal shield, that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find good evidence to support that claim.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between those that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity) and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning, in this case even before the Constitution (though it was under the direction of the Articles of Incorporation, i.e. US Govt was a different corporation (legal entity) at the time). It is a legal shield, that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find good evidence to support that claim.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between those that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity) and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, governmental corporations, etc..

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning. It is a legal shield, that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find good evidence to support that claim.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between those that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity) and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "consequences of Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, or governmental corporations.

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning. It is a legal shield, that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find good evidence to support that claim.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between those that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity) and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, or governmental corporations.

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning. It is a legal shield, that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. With respect to that potential problem, I have yet to find good evidence to support that claim.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between those that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity) and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, or governmental corporations.

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning. It is a legal shield, that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. Regardless, I have yet to find good evidence to support that claim.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between those that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity) and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, or governmental corporations.

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning. It is a legal shield, that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. Regardless, I have yet to find good evidence to support that claim.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between those that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity) and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

This "legal shield" (relating only to our concept of "Law") is the purpose of all corporate entities, whether they be LLCs, Trusts, 501(3)(c)s, municipal corporations, or governmental corporations.

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning. It is a legal shield, that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. Regardless, I have yet to find good evidence to support that claim.

if US switched from a republic to corporation after civil war

From Black's Law Dictionary 6th ediction, page 340 (sorry, I don't have a good link for that, I had to download it from torrent).

corporation: An artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity. The law treats the corporation itself as a person which can sue and be sued.

A corporation is a legal entity that has been incorporated (made corporeal, i.e. made "real" with respect to Law) that acts as a legal shield between those that make the decisions ("Trustees" or "Directors") in the name of the corporation (legal entity) and the consequences of the decisions themselves.

From United States v. Perkins, 1896 (page 6):

In addition to this, however, the United States are not one of the class of corporations intended by law to be exempt *631 from taxation. What the corporations are to which the exemption was intended to apply are indicated by the tax laws of New York, and are confined to those of a religious, educational, charitable or reformatory purpose. We think it was not intended to apply it to a purely political or governmental corporation like the United States...

From Republica v. Sweers, 1779:

Your council have taken several exceptions to the form and substance of these indictments, upon a motion in arrest of judgment. The first exception was, 'that, at the time of the offence charged, the United States were not a body corporate known in law.' But the Court are of a different opinion. From the moment of their association, the United States necessarily became a body corporate; for, there was no superior from whom that character could otherwise be derived. In England, the king, lords, and commons, are certainly a body corporate; and yet there never was any charter or statute, by which they were expressly so created.

The United States is a corporation, and has been from the very beginning. It is a legal shield, that can be sued in lieu of those that actually make the decisions, i.e. the Trustees. The US Govt was "made corporeal" by declaration of the Sovereign Individuals (Natural Persons) who signed the Constitution. Its Corporate Rules (the limits of the powers of that Corporate entity) are stated legally in the Constitution, which is just a fancy name for Articles of Incorporation.

The idea that the "US switched from a republic to a corporation" doesn't understand what a "corporation" is. It may or may not have changed from one Governmental Corporation to another Governmental Corporation, but if true, that is a different problem. Regardless, I have yet to find good evidence to support that claim.