One of my friends was recently diagnosed with muscular distrophy, a genetic disorder, and he was told by his doctor that scientists are making great breakthroughs in treating it using gene therapy. So, I was researching about it. Come to find out, this gene therapy is mRNA injections with mild viruses. Sound familiar? Thoughts?
I must be reading it wrong. It's using a harmless virus to modify mRNA. Please explain?
"Exons’ genetic information is transcribed into an intermediate molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) that is used to guide protein production. Exons are translated and, much like with a puzzle, pieced together in the mRNA molecule.
…
Researchers at the Nationwide Children’s Hospital, in Ohio, developed an exon skipping therapy that uses a modified and harmless virus, called scAAV9.U7-ACCA, to deliver the genetic sequence of four molecules designed to force exon 2 skipping in the DMD gene’s mRNA. The one-time therapy is given directly into the bloodstream."
This therapy uses genetic material but not mRNA; however mRNA is the target. This therapy introduces DNA that encodes non-coding RNA. It is then this non-coding RNA that targets the DMD gene mRNA.
It looks like it doesn’t modify DNA, but it does modify what was just transcribed from the gene by removing an exon from the corresponding mRNA that came from the gene.
The source describes the 4 molecules the virus injects:
We developed a therapeutic exon skipping viral vector (scAAV9.U7-ACCA) comprising four copies of a modified U7snRNA containing antisense sequences targeting the splice donor (2 copies) and splice acceptor (2 copies) of the DMD exon 2, the most commonly duplicated exon.
The definition of a gene from bleh wikipedia is: "A gene is a region of DNA that encodes function." And it goes on to say: "During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function."
For exon: "An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing. The term exon refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and to the corresponding sequence in RNA transcripts. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are covalently joined to one another as part of generating the mature messenger RNA [mRNA]. Just as the entire set of genes for a species constitutes the genome, the entire set of exons constitutes the exome."
So, where I'm trying to go with this and what I'm trying to understand is, if muscular distrophy is a genetic disorder caused by a genetic mutation that causes a lack of a protein called dystrophin, and they're testing this gene therapy to fix a genetic mutation by modifying genes to produce more dystrophin, then how is that not modifying DNA? Is it because they're modifying the virus RNA to inject it's genes into a human, and so it's technically the virus that's modifying genes, hence DNA? From my understanding, an exon is a small section of a gene, and a gene is a small section of DNA.
Doing more research, is it because they're modifying mRNA to force it to make the dystrophin protein? mRNA is supposed to copy itself in the transcription process from DNA, and then use this copy to make proteins, or whatever it's function is. So, they're manipulating this DNA copy, the mRNA, to force it to produce the protein they want? How does it know when to stop?
Isn't this what the mRNA COVID vaccines are doing? Or am I way off?
From reading the source doc https://mdaconference.org/node/1150 , the scientists put 4 modified snRNA molecules into a virus to deliver into the cell.
From reading the main article, 11% of DMS sufferers have an issue with duplicate exon 2s. From basic biochemistry, when the mRNA with the extra exon 2 gets translated by the ribosome into dystrophin, the resulting dystrophin protein doesn’t work.
The 4 snRNA molecules per the main article prevent the extra exon 2s from being connected into the mRNA resulting in an mRNA that gets translated into a functioning dystrophin protein.
So there is no modification of the DNA, only the resulting mRNA that was transcribed from the DNA (or gene) gets modified,
Viruses have been known to put cancer in remission since they are a cleansing process it isnt improbable for remission to coincide with a virus its just people are lied to about viruses and their true function. My submitted has sources for viruses being non contagious.
I talked to a pharmacist once on gene therapy. They explained they modify the coding of the virus because a virus is just a setbof instructiond to the cells of the host. Gene therapy successfully works on a host who already doesnt not have the antibodies to the virus regardless of the virus original codong or the modified version.
I dont think so. I think it's just a new varient of the common cold. I was born in the 90s. I got a common cold regularly. Was told when I was getting the chicken pox vaccine that I'm not getting a cold vaccine because ever time I get a cold its a different virus make up so my body learns how to fight a different virus even though it's just a cold with the same symptoms. It was also a different cold virus.
Also had a chit chat with the same pharmaciat about the chicken pox vaccine. Considering we are taught vaccines are just a weaker version of the virus, I asked him of you had the chicken pox and they sell the shingles vaccine as you are more likely to get shingles if you had chicken pox would that mean you are just as likely to get the shingles at the same rate if you recieved the chicken pox vaccine. His answer was yes. Most pharmacists avoid the answer by explaining the difference between chicken pox and shingles.
They used to teach in med school that if you have had the Chicken Pox Virus (Varicella Zoster), and then get around children or people with chicken pox, you could catch it again as "shingles". One was advised to avoid people with chicken pox. Now they have shown the original virus lies dormant (similar to the way Herpes Zoster does) and expresses itself later in life as shingles.
I wonder what the difference in the actual virus is since they use a separate vaccine to help prevent shingles. And why is immunity not obtained with the original chicken pox vaccine, or prior exposure to the disease itself? Perhaps the vaccine itself sets one up for shingles later on.
As a side note, and from what I can recall from biology class, does reverse transcriptase (transcription) play a part in any of this mRNA? Could this account for mRNA changing ones DNA?
I remember my mom arguing with the school about me having to get a chicken pox vaccine. All my siblings are 80s kids and brought me home the chicken pox before I even started school. I was required before starting school to have that vaccine. What my mom argued was why I had to get the vaccine for chicken pox if I already had it. Whats intresting is a girl who is 4 years younger than me at work had the vaccine too but never had the chicken pox. She descrived her rash as localized chicken pox. She was under the impression chicken pox was a disgusting lesion causing disease and I explained to her having the chicken pox was like having thousands of mosquito bites at once and youd get lesions if you scratched.
Someone also put into perspecti2 of XY chromosomes and XX. No matter how much hormone you give someone to be the gender of their choice, there is no technology available to cause that person to reproduce the chromosomes they were born with differently. If you were born XY you will remain XY no matter how many drugs you pump into your system.
Also, from what understanding I can grasp, a virus is just a code of instructions and the science is what we understand the chemical reaction to be. I don't know much about mutating already established genetics , aka live humans, but I do understand once our body has the coding evolution/ mutations can occur in our offspring. Everything ultimately is stored in our spinal fluid. For example, if you tested spinal fluid you can see what drugs someone has consumed even if it was 20 or 30 years ago and the standard drug test and even the folicol test would be long negative.
One of my friends was recently diagnosed with muscular distrophy, a genetic disorder, and he was told by his doctor that scientists are making great breakthroughs in treating it using gene therapy. So, I was researching about it. Come to find out, this gene therapy is mRNA injections with mild viruses. Sound familiar? Thoughts?
This therapy does not inject mRNA.
I must be reading it wrong. It's using a harmless virus to modify mRNA. Please explain?
"Exons’ genetic information is transcribed into an intermediate molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) that is used to guide protein production. Exons are translated and, much like with a puzzle, pieced together in the mRNA molecule.
…
Researchers at the Nationwide Children’s Hospital, in Ohio, developed an exon skipping therapy that uses a modified and harmless virus, called scAAV9.U7-ACCA, to deliver the genetic sequence of four molecules designed to force exon 2 skipping in the DMD gene’s mRNA. The one-time therapy is given directly into the bloodstream."
This therapy uses genetic material but not mRNA; however mRNA is the target. This therapy introduces DNA that encodes non-coding RNA. It is then this non-coding RNA that targets the DMD gene mRNA.
It looks like it doesn’t modify DNA, but it does modify what was just transcribed from the gene by removing an exon from the corresponding mRNA that came from the gene.
The source describes the 4 molecules the virus injects:
The definition of a gene from bleh wikipedia is: "A gene is a region of DNA that encodes function." And it goes on to say: "During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function."
For exon: "An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing. The term exon refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and to the corresponding sequence in RNA transcripts. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are covalently joined to one another as part of generating the mature messenger RNA [mRNA]. Just as the entire set of genes for a species constitutes the genome, the entire set of exons constitutes the exome."
So, where I'm trying to go with this and what I'm trying to understand is, if muscular distrophy is a genetic disorder caused by a genetic mutation that causes a lack of a protein called dystrophin, and they're testing this gene therapy to fix a genetic mutation by modifying genes to produce more dystrophin, then how is that not modifying DNA? Is it because they're modifying the virus RNA to inject it's genes into a human, and so it's technically the virus that's modifying genes, hence DNA? From my understanding, an exon is a small section of a gene, and a gene is a small section of DNA.
Doing more research, is it because they're modifying mRNA to force it to make the dystrophin protein? mRNA is supposed to copy itself in the transcription process from DNA, and then use this copy to make proteins, or whatever it's function is. So, they're manipulating this DNA copy, the mRNA, to force it to produce the protein they want? How does it know when to stop? Isn't this what the mRNA COVID vaccines are doing? Or am I way off?
Sources:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exon
https://www.technologynetworks.com/genomics/lists/what-are-the-key-differences-between-dna-and-rna-296719
From reading the source doc https://mdaconference.org/node/1150 , the scientists put 4 modified snRNA molecules into a virus to deliver into the cell.
From reading the main article, 11% of DMS sufferers have an issue with duplicate exon 2s. From basic biochemistry, when the mRNA with the extra exon 2 gets translated by the ribosome into dystrophin, the resulting dystrophin protein doesn’t work.
The 4 snRNA molecules per the main article prevent the extra exon 2s from being connected into the mRNA resulting in an mRNA that gets translated into a functioning dystrophin protein.
So there is no modification of the DNA, only the resulting mRNA that was transcribed from the DNA (or gene) gets modified,
Viruses have been known to put cancer in remission since they are a cleansing process it isnt improbable for remission to coincide with a virus its just people are lied to about viruses and their true function. My submitted has sources for viruses being non contagious.
I talked to a pharmacist once on gene therapy. They explained they modify the coding of the virus because a virus is just a setbof instructiond to the cells of the host. Gene therapy successfully works on a host who already doesnt not have the antibodies to the virus regardless of the virus original codong or the modified version.
So, does that mean COVID could be modifying everyone's genes?
I dont think so. I think it's just a new varient of the common cold. I was born in the 90s. I got a common cold regularly. Was told when I was getting the chicken pox vaccine that I'm not getting a cold vaccine because ever time I get a cold its a different virus make up so my body learns how to fight a different virus even though it's just a cold with the same symptoms. It was also a different cold virus.
Also had a chit chat with the same pharmaciat about the chicken pox vaccine. Considering we are taught vaccines are just a weaker version of the virus, I asked him of you had the chicken pox and they sell the shingles vaccine as you are more likely to get shingles if you had chicken pox would that mean you are just as likely to get the shingles at the same rate if you recieved the chicken pox vaccine. His answer was yes. Most pharmacists avoid the answer by explaining the difference between chicken pox and shingles.
They used to teach in med school that if you have had the Chicken Pox Virus (Varicella Zoster), and then get around children or people with chicken pox, you could catch it again as "shingles". One was advised to avoid people with chicken pox. Now they have shown the original virus lies dormant (similar to the way Herpes Zoster does) and expresses itself later in life as shingles. I wonder what the difference in the actual virus is since they use a separate vaccine to help prevent shingles. And why is immunity not obtained with the original chicken pox vaccine, or prior exposure to the disease itself? Perhaps the vaccine itself sets one up for shingles later on. As a side note, and from what I can recall from biology class, does reverse transcriptase (transcription) play a part in any of this mRNA? Could this account for mRNA changing ones DNA?
I remember my mom arguing with the school about me having to get a chicken pox vaccine. All my siblings are 80s kids and brought me home the chicken pox before I even started school. I was required before starting school to have that vaccine. What my mom argued was why I had to get the vaccine for chicken pox if I already had it. Whats intresting is a girl who is 4 years younger than me at work had the vaccine too but never had the chicken pox. She descrived her rash as localized chicken pox. She was under the impression chicken pox was a disgusting lesion causing disease and I explained to her having the chicken pox was like having thousands of mosquito bites at once and youd get lesions if you scratched.
Someone also put into perspecti2 of XY chromosomes and XX. No matter how much hormone you give someone to be the gender of their choice, there is no technology available to cause that person to reproduce the chromosomes they were born with differently. If you were born XY you will remain XY no matter how many drugs you pump into your system.
Also, from what understanding I can grasp, a virus is just a code of instructions and the science is what we understand the chemical reaction to be. I don't know much about mutating already established genetics , aka live humans, but I do understand once our body has the coding evolution/ mutations can occur in our offspring. Everything ultimately is stored in our spinal fluid. For example, if you tested spinal fluid you can see what drugs someone has consumed even if it was 20 or 30 years ago and the standard drug test and even the folicol test would be long negative.