These are the Jewish leaders that survived the destruction of Jerusalem in 70AD and controlled Judaism from thenceforth (the Sadducees did not survive). They moved Jewish headquarters to Babylon and assimilated quite well with the Pagan religions. They recorded the oral traditions (the Babylonian Talmud) which they elevated above the Law and God (Matthew 15:3 & 6) and then went North and converted the Khazarians to Talmudic Judaism.

Roughly 20% of todays Jews are Sephardic in nature (Sephardic Jews are Spanish Jews who were forced to convert to Catholicism or face expulsion from Spain after 1492 - which is an interesting rabbit hole regarding Columbus's real motivation for setting sale to the Americas).

The other 80% are Ashkenazi Jew (Originating from Khazaria - not Jewish in origin. Although Wiki will tell you that this is a myth and that the Ashkenazi Jews are true Jews).