It was actually at the Council of Laodicea in 363-64 rather then the catholic church, though I have seen presentations in which the RC church claim responsibility. However the church as a whole has demanded it - with a few exemptions.

It doesn't matter who did this - but God will judge each of us individually as the Bible is there for all to read in their own language (well pretty much the whole world) so all are without excuse.

It was there from Genesis 2 so it doesn't belong to any follower of God group. It was His gift to us, to counter the curse on Adam of Genesis 3:17-19 of having to work hard to obtain ones food.

My wife and I have tried - with our gentile mindsets - for several years to fully rest each sabbath - evening to evening - it is difficult but when achieved the rest is indeed sweet, and when missed the lack of rest is also felt.