According to Comptroller Hsu, regulatory agencies expect financial institutions to be operationally resilient. These expectations were first laid out in the Interagency White Paper on Sound Practices to Strengthen the Resilience of the U.S. Financial System that was released following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the U.S. The White Paper provided guidance on geographic diversity and resiliency of data centers and on recovery and settlement expectations for significant firms in critical financial markets. As the operating environment has since evolved significantly with technological advancements, widespread digital adoption, and increases in cyber-attacks, federal banking agencies have continued to issue guidance.