Nano-Phytochemicals and drugs for Lung Cancer and Brain Metastasis

EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate):

• Mechanisms:
  • EGFR Inhibition: Reduces lung cancer cell growth by blocking EGFR signaling.
  • Antioxidant: Decreases oxidative stress and DNA damage.
  • Anti-Angiogenesis: Inhibits VEGF, reducing blood supply to tumors.
  • Cell Cycle Arrest: Causes G1 arrest by modulating CDKs.
• Synergy with Chemo/Immunotherapy:
  • Chemo: Enhances chemotherapy efficacy by inhibiting DNA repair mechanisms, making cancer cells more susceptible.
  • Immuno: EGCG may enhance immune responses by reducing tumor-induced immunosuppression, potentially increasing the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
• Nano-formulation:
  • Nano EGCG: Enhances stability, bioavailability, and BBB penetration for targeted tumor delivery.
• Nano-EGCG link

Quercetin:

• Mechanisms:
  • Apoptosis: Induces cell death through caspase activation and mitochondrial pathways.
  • Anti-Metastasis: Reduces cancer invasion by inhibiting MMPs.
  • Anti-Inflammatory: Suppresses cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α.
  • P-gp Inhibition: Enhances drug retention by inhibiting P-glycoprotein.
  • Downregulation of Glycolysis: Quercetin can disrupt cancer metabolism by inhibiting key enzymes in glycolysis, leading to reduced energy production in cancer cells.
• Synergy with Chemo/Immunotherapy:
  • Chemo: Increases chemotherapeutic efficacy by enhancing drug retention and disrupting cancer metabolism.
  • Immuno: Anti-inflammatory effects may reduce tumor-associated immunosuppression, improving immune response.
• Nano-formulation:
  • Nanomicellar Quercetin: Enhances solubility, bioavailability, and BBB penetration for effective targeting of lung tumors and brain metastases.
• Nano Quercetin link

Curcumin:

• Mechanisms:
  • NF-κB Inhibition: Reduces inflammation and tumor growth by blocking this key pathway.
  • Apoptosis: Promotes cell death by upregulating p53 and downregulating Bcl-2.
  • Anti-Angiogenesis: Inhibits VEGF to reduce tumor blood supply.
  • P-gp Inhibition: Curcumin may also inhibit P-gp, similar to quercetin, improving drug retention.
  • Downregulation of Glycolysis: Curcumin can inhibit glycolysis, reducing the energy supply to cancer cells and making them more vulnerable.
• Synergy with Chemo/Immunotherapy:
  • Chemo: Sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy by disrupting survival pathways, glycolysis, and enhancing drug uptake.
  • Immuno: May reduce tumor-induced immunosuppression, complementing immunotherapies.
• Nano-formulation:
  • Liposomal/Nanocurcumin: Increases solubility and bioavailability, improving penetration into lung tumors and brain metastases.
• Nano Cucumin link

Resveratrol:

• Mechanisms:
  • PI3K/AKT Inhibition: Disrupts a critical survival pathway, reducing cancer cell growth.
  • Autophagy Induction: Promotes autophagic cell death in cancer cells.
  • Anti-Metastasis: Inhibits EMT and MMPs, reducing cancer spread.
  • Antioxidant: Lowers oxidative stress, potentially reducing mutation rates and tumor progression.
  • Downregulation of Glycolysis: Resveratrol inhibits key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, thereby reducing cancer cell energy production.
• Synergy with Chemo/Immunotherapy:
  • Chemo: Enhances chemotherapeutic effects by disrupting cancer metabolism and survival pathways.
  • Immuno: Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may create a more favorable environment for immune responses.
• Nano-formulation:
  • Nanoencapsulated Resveratrol: Improves bioavailability, stability, and targeting of lung tumors and brain metastases.
• Nano Resveratrol Link

Fenbendazole (P-glycoprotein Inhibitor):

• Mechanisms:
  • P-gp Inhibition: Prevents drug efflux, increasing intracellular concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents.
  • Apoptosis: Disrupts microtubules, leading to cancer cell death.
  • Downregulation of Glycolysis: Fenbendazole inhibits key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, reducing cancer cell energy production and survival.
• Synergy with Chemo/Immunotherapy:
  • Chemo: By inhibiting P-gp and glycolysis, fenbendazole increases the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs, especially in drug-resistant cancer cells.
  • Immuno: Although primarily synergistic with chemotherapy, its effects on glycolysis and microtubule disruption may make tumors more vulnerable to immune attacks.
• Nano-formulation:
  • Nano-fenbendazole: Enhances delivery and absorption, improving efficacy against drug-resistant lung cancer and brain metastasis.
• FenBenPro Link
• 1000mg 3 times a week. 1 week off after 3 weeks.
• Drink lots of water as it can cause liver toxicity when dehydrated.

Here is a chart I have made showing the intracellular pathways of Non small cell lung cancer, and what chemicals inhibit what pathways of the cancer.

• ibb link