We have a multi-party system. If most of the seats go to one party, then there's a "majority" government that can do what it wants for 4 years essentially.

If a party has the most of the seats, but not over 50% of the seats, it's called a minority government. This is what's currently happening. They can still rule, but the problem is that other parties can combine and form coalitions to actually take over the government (unlikely because of how much they differ), OR (what's happening now) they can officially or unofficially "partner" to get things passed.

The liberals currently have been relying on the socialist NDP to keep their government afloat. And without this support, they will 100% not pass a vote of non-confidence in the house, which will trigger an election as soon as October.

Now NDP leader Jagmeet is a massive cuck, though, so he'll probably keep sucking up to Trudeau for a few more months until he gets his pension rather than do what's right.

We'll see!