I've been thinking that one thing that might be effective against hackers is to give American citizens the legal right to bear cyber offense capabilities for defensive purposes. An objective to this would be to make it as expensive as possible for hackers by allowing victims of cyberattacks the right to "hack back" attacks. Yes this the global internet infrastructure we currently have might not be able to provide the bandwidth required, but it would ultimately be effective against hackers and deterring them as certain kinds of "offense for defense" attacks particularly ones designed to infect a hacker's machine at both the OS and BIOS/hardware level.