The wide-ranging numbers of deaths attributable to medical errors make it difficult to prove or disprove the validity of the meme's claim with its smiling physicians holding firearms. If we accept a Yale School of Medicine study that puts the number of preventable deaths at just over 22,000 a year in the United States, then you're about half as likely to "be killed by a doctor than a gun." With the CDC numbers of 46,072 deaths, then your odds are about even. In a Johns Hopkins University study that estimates 250,000 deaths, you're about 5.5 times more likely to be killed by a doctor than a gun. And in a Journal of Patient Safety study with an estimate of up to 440,000 deaths due to medical errors, your odds of being killed by a doctor are nearly 10 times higher.

https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/06/fact-check-thousands-of-americans-do-die-each-year-of-medical-errors-but-its-unclear-whether-doctors-kill-more-people-than-guns.html

So you're either half as likely to be killed by a doctor than by a gun based on a Yale School of Medicine study, just as likely to be killed by a doctor than by a gun based on CDC numbers, or 10 times more likely to be killed if we go off the Journal of Patient Safety study...