Crucial history Americans are not taught...

Foreign Affairs, Apr 1928 Vol. 6, No. 3 pp 448-458

INTERNATIONAL CARTELS
By Julius Klein

THE international cartel movement is by no means a new phenomenon. There were several such organizations in a thriving condition some years before the war, including the Franco-Belgian group of plate glass manufacturers which was set up in 1904, the borax organization, established in 1899 and comprising interests in Germany, France, Austria, Great Britain and the United States, and the glass bottle cartel dating back to 1907 and including most of Central Europe and the Scandinavian countries. Since the war, however, the movement has taken on several new aspects, the most conspicuous of which is its far greater activity. A widespread and general interest in it has resulted. Indeed, judging from the quantity of literature that has appeared within the last two years and the lengthy discussions devoted to the subject at recent conferences at Geneva and elsewhere, the international cartel has become, at least in the minds of leaders of European thought, both political and industrial, one of the outstanding factors in the rehabilitation of the Old World.

It is well at the outset to have that point definitely in mind, namely, that the underlying motive is clearly and predominantly the elimination of abnormalities within the European business world, and not primarily the forging of a weapon for an offensive against America. Quite conceivably this latter purpose may develop ultimately, but among the dozen or more conspicuously active cartels today (out of the hundred-odd international pooling arrangements which according to some authorities are now in force), the vastly preponderant interest is in the establishment of more orderly marketing conditions on the Continent. Germany, with her more than two thousand domestic cartels (or pools, as they would be called in the United States), has taken the lead in practically all of these movements and it is significant that about 75 percent of her exports find their outlet in nearby European markets. It is evidently the embarrassment arising from the new post-war trade barriers that has stimulated her cartel activities.

(Behind paywall)

https://www.jstor.org/stable/20028625#metadata_info_tab_contents

Dr. Julius Klein (1886 - 1961)

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0163443716686673

https://mppda.flinders.edu.au/records/298

https://www.nytimes.com/1961/06/16/archives/dr-julius-klein-an-economist-74-hoover-assistant-secretary-of.html

Would you buy aluminum siding from this man?

Dr. Julius Klein, Assistant Secretary of Commerce, on stock market crash (1929)
https://youtu.be/UAvUZC68Zp4 (2 min, 22 sec)

"Politics is downstream of culture." - Andrew Breitbart

After his election as president in 1920, Harding rewarded Hoover for his support, offering to appoint him as either Secretary of the Interior or Secretary of Commerce. Secretary of Commerce was considered a minor Cabinet post, with limited and vaguely defined responsibilities, but Hoover decided to accept the position.[100] Hoover's progressive stances, continuing support for the League of Nations, and recent conversion to the Republican Party aroused opposition to his appointment from many Senate Republicans.[101] To overcome this opposition, Harding paired Hoover's nomination with that of conservative favorite Andrew Mellon as Secretary of the Treasury, and the nominations of both Hoover and Mellon were confirmed by the Senate. Hoover would serve as Secretary of Commerce from 1921 to 1929, serving under Harding and, after Harding's death in 1923, President Calvin Coolidge.[100] While some of the most prominent members of the Harding administration, including Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty and Secretary of Interior Albert B. Fall, were implicated in major scandals, Hoover emerged largely unscathed from investigations into the Harding administration.[102]

Hoover envisioned the Commerce Department as the hub of the nation's growth and stability.[103] His experience mobilizing the war-time economy convinced him that the federal government could promote efficiency by eliminating waste, increasing production, encouraging the adoption of data-based practices, investing in infrastructure, and conserving natural resources. Contemporaries described Hoover's approach as a "third alternative" between "unrestrained capitalism" and socialism, which was becoming increasingly popular in Europe.[104] Hoover sought to foster a balance among labor, capital, and the government, and for this, he has been variously labeled a corporatist or an associationalist.[105] A high priority was economic diplomacy, including promoting the growth of exports, as well as protection against monopolistic practices of foreign governments, especially regarding rubber and coffee

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover#Secretary_of_Commerce_(1921%E2%80%931928)

After the US entered the war, the Committee on Public Information (CPI) hired Bernays to work for its Bureau of Latin-American Affairs, based in an office in New York. Bernays, along with Lieutenant F. E. Ackerman, focused on building support for war, domestically and abroad, focusing especially on businesses operating in Latin America.[21][22] Bernays referred to this work as **"psychological warfare.""

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bernays#World_War_I

Propaganda, an influential book written by Edward L. Bernays in 1928, incorporated the literature from social science and psychological manipulation into an examination of the techniques of public communication. Bernays wrote the book in response to the success of some of his earlier works such as Crystallizing Public Opinion (1923) and A Public Relations Counsel (1927). Propaganda explored the psychology behind manipulating masses and the ability to use symbolic action and propaganda to influence politics, effect social change, and lobby for gender and racial equality.[1] Walter Lippman was Bernays' unacknowledged American mentor and his work The Phantom Public greatly influenced the ideas expressed in Propaganda a year later.[2] The work propelled Bernays into media historians' view of him as the "father of public relations."[3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_(book)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bernays#Books

Propaganda / 1928 - Edward Berneys
https://youtu.be/RxXACnftIAs

Steve Bannon - Warroom

“There are no conspiracies but there are also no coincidences.”

Gen. Julius Klein (1901-1984)

In 1933 Klein joined the Illinois National Guard, becoming a lieutenant colonel in 1941. He formulated the Combat Public Relations plan dealing with psychological warfare and propaganda...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Klein#World_War_II

Here is a little known historical smirk of a Hoover factoid:

The Boxer Rebellion broke out shortly after Hoover arrived in China, trapping the Hoovers and numerous other foreign nationals until a multi-national military force defeated Boxer forces in the Battle of Tientsin.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/55_Days_at_Peking

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tientsin

This was a great article!