Without the added info from my questions, here is what I have:

1. Proanthocyanidins (PACs):

   • Mechanism: Inhibit the adhesion of Escherichia coli to the uroepithelial cells, thus preventing bacterial colonization. PACs are primarily found in cranberry products.

2. D-Mannose:

   • Mechanism: Competitively inhibits the adhesion of E. coli to the urinary tract lining by binding to the bacterial fimbriae, thereby reducing bacterial attachment and infection risk.

3. Arbutin:

   • Mechanism: Metabolized into hydroquinone in the body, which exhibits antimicrobial activity against pathogens. This action helps inhibit bacterial growth in the urinary tract.

4. Allicin:

   • Mechanism: Exhibits antimicrobial activity by disrupting bacterial cell membranes and inhibiting key bacterial enzymes. Allicin is derived from garlic.

5. Berberine:

   • Mechanism: Exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects by interfering with bacterial DNA replication and protein synthesis. Berberine is found in goldenseal and other plants.

Because your child is so young, I would speak to a physician on use.

When looking to purchase any of these, look for nano or liposomal versions of the products. For example: nano-berberine. https://a.co/d/f0I6nS2

Sources:

• https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmicroorganisms10071425
• https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2014%2F698758
• https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2016%2F1590952
• https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fantibiotics11030314