First thing to note is that phytochemicals have low bioavailability, using nano or liposomal formulations greatly enhance their clinical effects.

1. Phytochemicals with Combined Properties

A. Silymarin

• Source: Milk thistle (Silybum marianum)
• Diuretic Action: Enhances bile flow and supports kidneys in eliminating excess fluid, thereby reducing water retention.
• Antibiotic Activity: Exhibits antibacterial properties, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
• Hepatoprotective Properties: Stabilizes cellular membranes, reduces oxidative stress, and promotes liver regeneration. Used in treating cirrhosis, hepatitis, and fatty liver disease.

B. Berberine

• Source: Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), Barberry (Berberis vulgaris)
• Diuretic Action: Enhances urine production and reduces water retention.
• Antibiotic Activity: Exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial effects against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, and others.
• Hepatoprotective Properties: Reduces liver inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation, showing benefits in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatitis.

C. Curcumin

• Source: Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
• Diuretic Action: Promotes diuresis through kidney support and inflammation reduction.
• Antibiotic Activity: Effective against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans (antibacterial and antifungal properties).
• Hepatoprotective Properties: Reduces oxidative damage, inflammation, and fibrosis in liver cells, beneficial in NAFLD, alcoholic liver disease, and cirrhosis.

D. Green Tea Polyphenols (EGCG)

• Source: Green Tea (Camellia sinensis)
• Diuretic Action: Enhances kidney function and fluid excretion to reduce water retention.
• Antibiotic Activity: Effective against Helicobacter pylori and Staphylococcus aureus.
• Hepatoprotective Properties: Reduces fat accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation, useful in preventing liver disorders like NAFLD.

E. Gingerol

• Source: Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
• Diuretic Action: Promotes kidney function and reduces water retention, especially in the context of inflammation.
• Antibiotic Activity: Exhibits antimicrobial properties, particularly against Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Candida albicans.
• Hepatoprotective Properties: Reduces inflammation, lipid peroxidation, and fibrosis in the liver, useful in toxin-induced liver injury and fatty liver disease.

2. Non-Phytochemical Supplements with Similar Properties

A. Taurine

• Diuretic Action: Acts as a mild diuretic, supporting fluid balance by enhancing kidney function.
• Antibiotic Activity: Though not directly an antibiotic, taurine supports immune function, helping to protect against bacterial infections.
• Hepatoprotective Properties: Reduces liver inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative damage. Particularly useful in alcohol-induced liver damage and NAFLD.

B. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)

• Diuretic Action: Indirect diuretic action by reducing oxidative stress and supporting kidney function.
• Antibiotic Activity: NAC disrupts biofilms, making it useful in conjunction with antibiotics for chronic bacterial infections.
• Hepatoprotective Properties: Boosts glutathione levels in the liver, reducing oxidative stress and improving liver detoxification. Used in acetaminophen toxicity and liver fibrosis.

C. Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA)

• Diuretic Action: Enhances kidney function and has mild diuretic effects.
• Antibiotic Activity: Possesses antimicrobial activity against some bacterial strains, particularly in reducing inflammation associated with infections.
• Hepatoprotective Properties: ALA is a potent antioxidant, protecting the liver from oxidative damage and promoting detoxification, especially in conditions like hepatitis and cirrhosis.

D. Vitamin E

• Diuretic Action: Supports fluid balance through its antioxidant effects, indirectly aiding kidney function.
• Antibiotic Activity: Though not an antibiotic, its immune-boosting properties help reduce infection risk.
• Hepatoprotective Properties: Vitamin E reduces oxidative damage in liver cells and has been studied in NAFLD and other liver conditions to reduce fibrosis and inflammation.