Let's assume President Trump is successful in eliminating the federal income tax. I would be interested in your thoughts as to whether the states would follow suit, or if they would keep their income tax as before at the same rate. OR if they would jump at the chance to increase their tax rate because of the new "windfall" of money flowing into your pocket? What's your best guess?
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The vast majority of States that have an income tax, base it on the federal income tax.
If feds say you have $X income, then the State just uses that number. They don't have their own calculation.
There are 5 States that do their own calculation.
9 States have no income tax.
So, 36 States would have a problem -- but being the assholes they are, they would just change the statute and continue on with it (possibly at higher rates).
However ...
There is a problem with all of that.
The Constitution says that Congress has the power to tax incomes (16th Amendment).
But it also says that all powers NOT delegated to the feds are reserved to the States (10th Amendment).
This means that the States do NOT have authority to impose an income tax, because that is a fed power.
I don't know if this issue has ever been challenged, but it should be, especially if the feds eliminate it.