" In March 2025, President Trump said that pardons for members of the House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack issued during Biden's presidency are void due to them being signed by autopen. However, earlier in 2024, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that pardons do not have to be made in writing.[23] "
According to WIKIwashy . . .
Auto Pen :
" In March 2025, President Trump said that pardons for members of the House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack issued during Biden's presidency are void due to them being signed by autopen. However, earlier in 2024, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that pardons do not have to be made in writing.[23] "
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autopen
Apparently SCOTUS John Roberts Area of Supervision :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit