Internal combustion engines have a theoretical maximum efficiency determined by the Otto Cycle. That give a theoretical maximum of nearly 50%. Practical considerations like friction, speed of burn, rate of gas movement etc will reduce that figure.
Electric motors usually run at over 95% efficiency. However, the electricity generator will have its own efficiency rating that needs to be accounted for.
Agreed. There is one more nit on the ICE option which is that the waste heat can be used for things like cabin heating, which comes out of the battery for an EV. So in the winter climate this can hurt relative EV performance. Also the EV must heat the battery in the winter, on startup, though once running the battery will heat itself. Losses in battery charge and discharge cycle are also a factor hurting EV performance.
I saw an analysis somewhere that also looked at the energy inputs to battery production (given that the battery is a consumable product requiring a lot of mined and refined materials) and IIRC it added up to nearly the delta to a modern ICE vehicle.
I've been told that the electric transmission system is a lot more efficient than it used to be, I guess due to improved electronics for power conversion, but there are still losses there and in generation, including waste heat (sometimes recovered for facility heating in a 'cogen' plant).
Internal combustion engines have a theoretical maximum efficiency determined by the Otto Cycle. That give a theoretical maximum of nearly 50%. Practical considerations like friction, speed of burn, rate of gas movement etc will reduce that figure.
Electric motors usually run at over 95% efficiency. However, the electricity generator will have its own efficiency rating that needs to be accounted for.
Agreed. There is one more nit on the ICE option which is that the waste heat can be used for things like cabin heating, which comes out of the battery for an EV. So in the winter climate this can hurt relative EV performance. Also the EV must heat the battery in the winter, on startup, though once running the battery will heat itself. Losses in battery charge and discharge cycle are also a factor hurting EV performance.
I saw an analysis somewhere that also looked at the energy inputs to battery production (given that the battery is a consumable product requiring a lot of mined and refined materials) and IIRC it added up to nearly the delta to a modern ICE vehicle.
I've been told that the electric transmission system is a lot more efficient than it used to be, I guess due to improved electronics for power conversion, but there are still losses there and in generation, including waste heat (sometimes recovered for facility heating in a 'cogen' plant).