The real relevant question is to whom do we owe the $33T?

The banks. Congress is SUPPOSED to create our money supply and WE THE PEOPLE are SUPPOSED to own it. But instead with the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, Congress abdicated their responsibility to private banks that make up the Federal Reserve System and gave money creation powers to privately owned banks. They create new money out of thin air based on "reserve requirements" (if they "hold" $1B, they can "loan" $9B, which is a fancy way of saying they can lend money that they don't have and doesn't exist) and give giant loans to their buddies to buy out whatever they want, transferring 1s and 0s into real productivity and real assets. Fiat money/fractional reserve currency is created in all credit transactions- they create a liability in your name and you pay them back with real wages AND interest. This is why banks don't give a crap when someone steals your credit card and makes a bunch of charges. It's not their money at risk- in fact, it's nobody's money at risk, it's just a new liability they can write off as a loss that cost them literally nothing to capture.

It's pretty wild that this is the world we live in. But nothing can possibly change until the entirety of the current money system worldwide is eradicated. Because as long as Banksters can create new money out of thin air and exchange it for goods and services, nothing holds any real monetary value.