Sugar companies worked hand in hand with the American diabetes association to skew the numbers. A few years back, my doctor told me that the ADA gave the go ahead for the Department of Transportation to up the max A1C in truckers to 9%! That is 212 mg/dL average blood glucose level. That is insane when you think about a driver with up to 80,000 pounds weight barreling down the highway. The system is just corrupt. The real studies have been done in Europe.