1581 was the year the dutch declared independence from Spain. This was acknowledged in a treaty of 1609, between the Infante of Spain, being the Land-Ruler, and the Republic of the 7 Provinces.
1648, with the peace treaty of Westfalen/Munster, the parties to that peace treaty were bound to the recognition of that independence/ sovereignty by act of the Republic being a party to it.
This Sovereignty was run over roughshod by the powers in 1813-1815 with the peace treaty of Vienna, declaring unilaterally, and under the threat of occupation/ foreign forces (English, Prussians, and the former family d' Or Ange (Oranje) having held the position of heritable Stadhouder)
Before that, the French ran over Dutch Sovereignty by:
under the threat of foreign invasion/force abrogating the Republic in 1795
under the threat foreign invasion and force, instituting the Kingdom of Holland under Louis Bonaparte
under the threat of foreign invasion and force incorporating the Dutch lands into the Empire of the French under Napoleon Bonaparte.
Added data:
1581 was the year the dutch declared independence from Spain. This was acknowledged in a treaty of 1609, between the Infante of Spain, being the Land-Ruler, and the Republic of the 7 Provinces.
1648, with the peace treaty of Westfalen/Munster, the parties to that peace treaty were bound to the recognition of that independence/ sovereignty by act of the Republic being a party to it.
This Sovereignty was run over roughshod by the powers in 1813-1815 with the peace treaty of Vienna, declaring unilaterally, and under the threat of occupation/ foreign forces (English, Prussians, and the former family d' Or Ange (Oranje) having held the position of heritable Stadhouder)
Before that, the French ran over Dutch Sovereignty by: