You can still easily be tracked with any type of cellular phone via Tower pinging.
The spying thing is another matter entirely. You can use lineage OS on a compatible Android phone to strip out all the Google background stuff and run a basic clean OS but there's still likely hardware backdoors built into every piece of hardware out there.
For years I've heard people saying they're ditching their smartphones. Too easy to be tracked and spied upon. So maybe flip phones are better?
You can still easily be tracked with any type of cellular phone via Tower pinging.
The spying thing is another matter entirely. You can use lineage OS on a compatible Android phone to strip out all the Google background stuff and run a basic clean OS but there's still likely hardware backdoors built into every piece of hardware out there.
Pagers certainly aren't