Once Jesus made the offering and claimed the spiritual victory through the crucifixion course, he began a new providence completely. The 2000 years from Abraham to Jesus were to prepare a foundation for Jesus to be accepted and obeyed on the national level, by a nation of people. That's the meaning of the 'chosen people'.

But they failed, and in doing so, lost their position.

(“A man planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a wine vat, and built a watchtower. Then he rented it out to some tenants and went away on a journey. At harvest time, he sent a servant to the tenants to collect his share of the fruit of the vineyard. But they seized the servant, beat him, and sent him away empty-handed. Then he sent them another servant, and they struck him over the head and treated him shamefully. He sent still another, and this one they killed. He sent many others; some they beat and others they killed. Finally, having one beloved son, he sent him to them. ‘They will respect my son,’ he said.

"But the tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ So they seized the son, killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard. What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and kill those tenants, and will give the vineyard to others.")

A new providence then began, centering on Christianity, whose fundamental premise is unity with Jesus Christ. After the 3-day crucifixion course, Jesus worked on Earth for 40 days to begin this providence, to lay a foundation of the worldwide level, not just national.

Many then united with him, but not as the Israelite nation, but now as Christians, which are the second Israel.

God's providence works in a precise manner, but a key factor always is the human aspect of responsibility. If humans unite with God, his will for that moment is accomplished. If they reject God and have faithlessnes, then God's purpose is prolonged.

This is why, for example, Moses did a 40-day fast, and why the Israelites wandered in the desert for 40 years. Moses was responsible for raising Israel to the national level on the foundation of the victory of Abraham-Isaac-Jacob. Once Israel arrived in the promised land, then God worked with them leading them to build a foundation where one nation could unite with Christ when he arrived.

When that collapsed, not through God or Jesus failure in any way, but through the collective faithlessness of Israel, God began a new providence wherein a new foundation was being constructed centering on the resurrected Jesus. This is why Christianity is a worldwide religion, and the center of all religious accomplishment. What for? To prepare the foundation so that when Christ returns, the world, as a whole, will unite with him.

That's how I understand it. Yes, indeed, after the Crucifixion, many Jews came to unite with the spiritually active Jesus, but as Christians, not as representatives of the Jewish nation.

If the Jewish leadership had united with him during his ministry, indeed, the whole population would likely have come along. There were multiple failures, none the least, the failure of John the Baptist to fully support and unite with Jesus after his initial baptism of Jesus at the Jordan.