I'm on the fence. But I'll bite since no one tried.

1. Unsure. But a common flat earth model is built of a hyperboloid torus field that radiates following longitude
2. Latitude is just the same distance from the center of the north pole. Like a circle drawn with a compass. It makes sense the sun would have the same peak angle?
3. I'm not sure to be honest. But the equator is a location centered between north pole and south outskirts as stars rotate overhead. There's simply too much atmosphere for us to see across the plane (from the south to the north). Farthest things also disappear into the horizon
4. "Ships disappear from the bottom". This is an element of perspective. All things disappear towards the horizon / vanishing point. We can see the top of a ship because of the angle. There are TONS of clips where a powerful telescope can bring that ship into view.
5. Haven't looked into it sorry. My counter question would be A) How do Selenelion Eclipses work (just refraction?)? The sun and the moon can be seen in the sky, and there's some where the shadow emerges from the TOP of the moon (should be the bottom)? Also what about all the amateur astronomers who have reported seeing stars THROUGH the moon (plasma?)?

My questions for the globe model to explain.

1. Where is the curvature of the earth, measured over water (land has varying elevations, water finds its level)?

We should have 8 inches of curvature over a mile squared. Yet we don't see that drop. Telescopes bring ships miles away back into view when they should be "over the horizon". Suez canal is 200 miles long and is built without accommodation of a curve

2. The sun, why can we see divergent rays? Flat earthers argue this points to a local sun. Globe earth model is the sun is 93 million miles away, so we get parallel rays. Some would say "refraction" for the divergent rays, but then why don't we see crossing rays? Parallel rays should hit earth at every inch of earth

3. How haven't the constellations changed in thousands of years? Pyramids of Giza are lined up with Orions belt. The Georgia Guidestones perfectly show the north star. Spinning earth, around sun, as solar system moves through milky way, as milky way moves through the universe, with stars of varying distances away. And why don't the stars move through the sky in a random, winding path?

4. How do you have a vacuum next to atmosphere? Physics tells us pressure should equalize. If this "container" or van allen belt is that strong it can contain atmosphere, how did we pass through it?